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한국의 청소년 문화, 사회화 과정과 교육적 성취: 토착적, 심리적, 문화적 맥락에서의 분석

Adolescent culture, socialization practices, and educational achievement in Korea: Indigenous, psychological, and cultural analysis

한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제 / Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, (P)1229-0661; (E)1229-0661
2004, v.10 no.특집, pp.177-209
김의철 (중앙대학교)
박영신 (인하대학교)
구재선 (중앙대학교)
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초록

이 연구에서는 한국의 청소년 문화와 교육적 성취를 이해하기 위한 이론적이고 개념적인 틀을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구의 개관을 통해, 다음과 같은 여섯 가지 측면에서의 논의를 시도하였다. 첫째, 문화심리학과 청소년 문화를 접근하기 위한 연구의 모형을 제시하였다. 둘째, 전통적 가족 구조와 부모의 역할에 대해 살펴보고, 이것이 한국 사회의 현대화 과정에서 어떻게 변화하였는가를 검토하였다. 셋째, 한국에서의 사회화 과정과 부모자녀 관계를 살펴보았다. 넷째, 교육적인 성취와 한계를 설명하기 위해 발전되어 온 서양의 이론들을 검토하였다. 다섯째, 한국 학생들의 교육적 성취에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 청소년들에게 부과된 중앙집권적이고 표준화된 엄격한 교육 제도의 영향을 논의하였다. 매우 통제된 중앙집권적 관료주의는 청소년의 교육적 기회와 직업에서의 기회를 제한하고 있으며, 한국 청소년의 증가하는 폭력, 비행, 및 집단 따돌림 현상에도 영향을 미치고 있다. 건전한 청소년 문화의 육성과 미래 한국 사회의 발전을 위해, 다양한 생각과 태도 및 행동을 수용하는 시민 사회를 고무하고, 동시에 인간관계에서 건강하고 강한 유대를 형성하며 유지해야 할 필요가 있음이 시사되었다.

keywords
adolescent culture, educational achievement, socialization practices, indigenous cultural analysis, Korean culture, 청소년 문화, 교육적 성취, 사회화 과정, 토착 문화적 분석, 한국 문화

Abstract

This paper provides a theoretical and conceptual framework for understanding adolescent culture and educational achievement in Korea. In the first part of the paper, the authors outline a research paradigm in cultural psychology and adolescent culture. In the second section, the traditional family structure, the role of parents, and how they have been changed by modernization are outlined. In the third section, socialization practices and parent-child relationship are reviewed. In the fourth section, Western theories that have been developed to explain educational achievement and their limitations are examined. In the fifth section, factors that contribute to educational success of Korean students are presented. In the final section, the impact of centralized, standardized and rigid educational system that is imposed on adolescents is discussed. The highly regulated and centralized bureaucracy restricts educational and career opportunities for adolescents and it is responsible for the high rate of violence, delinquency, and bullying in Korea. The need for encouraging civil society that allows for diversity of ideas and skills and at the same time maintaining strong relational bonds are discussed.

keywords
adolescent culture, educational achievement, socialization practices, indigenous cultural analysis, Korean culture, 청소년 문화, 교육적 성취, 사회화 과정, 토착 문화적 분석, 한국 문화

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한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제